Individuality And Conformity In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray...

If you are in a room where everyone else has something in common except for you, what do you do? Maybe pretend to share their ideas. Maybe leave the room. But generally there are very few who would face the negative attention that is created by situations such as this. No one ever wants to be the ‘odd man out.’ Yet, without controversy how can people grow to have established morals and motivation in life? This is exactly what Ray Bradbury was trying to explain in his novel, Fahrenheit 451. His main character, Guy Montag, starts as a government pawn, a fireman who had the job of burning books. He blends in to society until one day he meets a young girl, who for the first time in his life makes him ask ‘why.’ Through his struggle of finding†¦show more content†¦These men were all mirror images of himself! Were all fireman picked then for their looks as well as their proclivities?†(Bradbury 33) Bradbury’s visual imagery is demonstrated her e by creating the rough looks of these firemen. After working for years as a fireman, this is the first time that Montag looks around and really sees the world around him. The detail that they all looked the same yet their heritage shows, displays that originally these men had their individuality, but now their work has morphed them into thoughtless disciples of their profession. The difference in Montag is that he seems to be the first one that realizes what is happening around him. Until this turning point, he was just like the rest of them; all of them were content in the simple lives that they lead. Since they were just like everyone else there was no worries about conflict or arguments because these men had the same morals and ideas. Beatty the fire chief explains this further to Montag when he starts showing signs of independence. He says, â€Å"We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man the image of every other; then all are happy, for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against.† (Bradbury 58) Beatty’s dialogue displays how although some people may realize that they haveShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 Analysis798 Words   |  4 Pageslessons that are more real than you would think. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is no exception. Bradbury had quickly gained global recognition from his stand out dystopian hit that makes controversial social commentaries. Some of the commentaries he touches upon the topics of censorship and social conformity. All of which are demonstrated through the strategic use of demanded conformities and the dystopian setting. Overall, In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury comments on the censorship and ideological limitationsRead MoreRay BradburyS Fahrenheit 451 Shows A Society Where, Similar1070 Words   |  5 PagesRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 shows a society where, similar to modern day America, technology and confor mity are praised, but unique ideas are seen as taboo. Many have heard phrases to the effect of â€Å"Don’t watch so much TV, it’ll rot your brain!† But is there any validity to these claims? Ray Bradbury thought so when he wrote the novel, and he is not alone in these beliefs. Many believe that television can have detrimental effects on one s intellect, as well as their individuality. Similarly,Read MoreEssay about Fahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship943 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ray Bradbury criticizes the censorship of the early 1950s by displaying these same themes in a futuristic dystopia novel called Fahrenheit 451. In the early 1950s Ray Bradbury writes this novel as an extended version of The Fireman, a short story which first appears in Galaxy magazine. He tries to show the readers how terrible censorship and mindless conformity is by writing about this in his novel.    In Fahrenheit 451, BradburyRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Is A Timeless Novel That Shows The Overtaking1386 Words   |  6 PagesFahrenheit 451 is a timeless novel that shows the overtaking of technology and manipulation of censorship. In America, technology has severely affected the way free speech is used and/or viewed. We are given the right to free speech to an extent. We are given free speech while the government has the power of censorship making our words selective and politically correct. This causes outbursts of anger by the public. My purpose is to explain that this novel is important because, the oppression of freedomRead MoreCharacterizations In Fahrenheit 451808 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Fahrenheit 451, critically acclaimed author Ray Bradbury asks the controversial question, what would a world where censorship of creative and differing Ideas is the norm resemble? In Fahrenheit 451 Bradbury envisions a dystopian America in which not only books are censored, but personal t houghts and individuality are constrained in this world as well. Although there are many ways in which Bradbury presents and develops the themes in Fahrenheit 451, the most effective way Bradbury does thisRead MoreThe Life Of Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury989 Words   |  4 PagesDehumanization in Fahrenheit 451 Humans typically have traits setting them apart from other species in the world, such as a conscious, feelings, and personal interests. Dehumanization remains a collective theme among dystopian literature; it occurs when someone treats a group of people as less than human, which strips them of human characteristics. Often times, the dehumanization of others does not go as far as physical harm or violence; however, it has the same negative result. Without necessaryRead MoreIndividuality In Fahrenheit 4511180 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Fahrenheit 451 This novel, written by Ray Bradbury, takes place in a dystopian society where following government regulations are the social norm. Pleasure-seeking and distractions are the features of lifestyle where Montag lives. One cannot think, but can only indulge themselves from mindless entertainment because it requires minor distinctive thoughts. Characters such as Mildred, Beatty, and the majority conforms to the government because it is a normal act. On the other handRead MoreFahrenheit 451, Connection to Current Society1993 Words   |  8 PagesFahrenheit 451: A Model For Current Society? The end of the Second World War sparked new cultural movements in American society. Factories which were once used to mass produce airplanes, tanks, and other machines of war were no longer needed for that purpose. Servicemen returned from overseas to find a massive amount of available jobs, wages were higher due to an economic boom, and because there were rarely any consumer goods during the war, the American people had a massive hunger to go shoppingRead MoreThe Use of Parallelism in Fahrenheit 451 Essays889 Words   |  4 Pages The book that will be reviewed is Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury. The author used the effect of parallelism extremely well by showing the similarities of both then and now. In the following paragraphs were going to encounter these parallelisms, we will compare the book to the time period in which it was written, and our own time period post September 11. Before we can do this we must first get to know the author and the era in which it was based off of just a bit. To getRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512451 Words   |  10 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, is a prime example of social criticism. The story sets in the 24th century where people race jet cars; the author’s idea of the future. It shows a flawed social structure, controlled by the media and government with banning and burning of books, and suppressing society’s minds from history. Their logical thought was that it would keep society from thinking too much, which in turn would prevent bad thoughts, and to keep them â€Å"happy all the time†. The book tells a story

Addiction And Substance Abuse During Pregnancy - 952 Words

Mothers addicted to heroin during a pregnancy are not only harmful to mother and child during gestation but have many social and medical problems after birth of the child. In the first paragraph I describe how women might come to find themselves in the situation of abusing drugs and finding out they are pregnant. I will provide information on some signs or a profile of addiction and substance abuse in women. The next point I will cover is through an interesting study that shows what the mothers pregnancy , the babies birth and postpartum outcomes are. I will explore what the options are for treatment during pregnancy and whether the mother can be separated from her dependency. Lastly I will disclose what the legal and social implications for chemical dependent women hold. Do moms go to jail? I will bring to light what the future holds for new born that have a mother who is addicted to heroin. How did this happen Most people have an image of a heroin user as a skinny dirty junky in an alley sticking a needle in their arm. Times have changed and that’s because the behaviors of use have changed now many smoke or snort heroin. According to the text, Drug Use and Abuse, historically mostly heroin was used by adults, but early use of heroin by US teens is the new trend, (Maisto, Galizio, Connors, 2015). This may be the start or gateway that may lead to injecting as the dependence escalates. Another introduction could be through experimenting with opioid drugs likeShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy?889 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy The use of controlled substances throughout pregnancy is a very prevalent issue among society today. Controlled substances have devastating effects on not only the mothers using the substances, but also infants while they are in utero and after they are born. Many infants born to mothers, who are abusing drugs, suffer from life threatening illnesses and are forever affected through adulthood. Specifically, heroin is a common drug form that is often used during pregnancyRead MoreMany Women Across The World Cause Complications To Their1657 Words   |  7 Pagesacross the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into why women abuse, substance s uch as stress, depression, and mental issues. More treatment and pre-educationRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion924 Words   |  4 Pages Substance abuse with pregnant women is a situation that is being ignored in the United States. There are many pregnant woman in the United States who are abusing illegal substances without any prosecution. Allowing these women to do so causes major defects on the babies and the mothers get no serious punishment for their actions. This issue is similar to the argument on whether abortion should be legal or not, because both situations can kill the baby while it’s still in the womb. Women who useRead MoreThe Problem Of Being Born Addicted937 Words   |  4 Pagesas an addiction to prescription pills. Most expecting mothers are willing to give up foods and activities during the entirety of their pregnancy to help ensure that their baby will be born healthy without issues. Some, however, are not as willing to do so. Addictions are hard to break, and require an ample amount of time to treat so that you are no longer dependent on that substance. Some women do not realize that by not trying to treat their addiction and continuing to use that substance/thoseRead MoreThe Effects Of Heroin On A Pregnant Women999 Words   |  4 Pagestheir baby as demonstrated by this graph. Figure 1. Reductions in heroin and crack use during and after most recent pregnancy. Best, D., Segal, J., Day, E., ( 2009), Changing patterns of heroin and crack use during pregnancy and beyond. Journal Of Substance Use, 14(2), 124-132 9p. Another study that showed a positive result that occurred when a women was the pregnant women. In this study it cited pregnancy and the birth of a their child as the motivator to seek help and receive treatment, (BestRead MoreHow Substance Abuse Negatively Affects The Baby While During1328 Words   |  6 PagesHow substance abuse negatively affects the baby while during a woman’s pregnancy. Many women across the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into whyRead MoreWhy Pregnant Substance Abuse Should Be Treated As A Major Issue1441 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many reasons why pregnant substance abuse should be treated as a major issue. The effects of substance abuse on the mother, fetus, and the overall pregnancy can range from none to extremely harmful. Women who use drugs during their pregnancy commonly give birth to â€Å"crack babies† or â€Å"drug babies†. These babies can have developmental disabilities or other birth defects. The mother may give birth to a premature infant, underweight infant, or even have a stillborn birth. The drug use of a pregnantRead MoreDrug Abuse Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Drug abuse, also known as substance abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Many teens turn to marijuana, prescription drugs, club drugs, alcohol, or other substances as a means of coping with stress, peer influence, and failure of parents to prevent their children from making unreasonable decisions. According to the yearly â€Å"Monitoring the Future† survey of high school age teenagersRead MoreChapter 5 81060 Words   |  5 Pagestypes on contraceptive methods and their effectiveness to help prevent unplanned pregnancy and avoid preventing transmitted sexual diseases. Approaches to avoid fertility today are male female condoms, the diaphragm, Emergency pills, etc. Condoms are more effective from preventing sexual transmitted infections. Of course there are other alternates ways mention in this chapter to avoid fertility or unplanned pregnancy like outer course and withdrawals. For those who are considering reproductive choicesRead MoreThe Issue Of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ( Nas ) Is A Vital Issue Concerning Premature Babies1522 Words   |  7 Pagesthe womb (Care is close by). While many women are continuing the use of drugs during pregnancy, NAS is a growing issue that many health officials and professionals are working to diminish. NAS can cause issues with many individuals that come in contact with it including the babies, their mothers, and their nurses and doctors. Drugs Abused NAS is caused from the use of illicit drugs or substances during a mother’s pregnancy. In a recent study done to show the actuality of women using illicit drugs

Sonnet by John Clare, Patrolling Barnegat by Walt Whitman, and Storm on the Island by Seamus Heaney Essay Example For Students

Sonnet by John Clare, Patrolling Barnegat by Walt Whitman, and Storm on the Island by Seamus Heaney Essay All three of these poems Sonnet by John Clare, Patrolling Barnegat by Walt Whitman, and Storm on the Island by Seamus Heaney are all about nature and what part it plays in our life. Sonnet is all about Clares love for summer, Patrolling Barnegat is about how people cannot control the power of the storm, Storm on the Island is again about a storm, and how people cope, and counter the storms affects. All three of these poems are similar, but in different ways; the subject of weather is obviously the main theme of each poem, all of the poems use the same poetic techniques; alliteration, repetition, and onomatopoeia. Although many poetic techniques are used, Patrolling Barnegat and Sonnet have hardly any punctuation this gives the poems more life and energy. Patrolling Barnegat and Storm on the Island also have the similarity of both being about how powerful storms are and how the storms are more powerful than man. The differences being Storm on the Island and Sonnet are both easily understood and are to the point, but Patrolling Barnegat has hidden meanings and an ambiguous ending, and is almost thought of as a person. Another difference is that Sonnet has very little punctuation which keeps the poem flowing and happy, whereas Heaneys Storm on the Island has very little punctuation but this is to keep the power and pummelling of the storm seem continuous. The mood of the poems is very important as Storm on the Island has a mood of much power, and as if it is uncontrollable, Heaney uses war words to describe the storm, such as salve, bombarded and strafes. This gives the impression that they are always under attack. He also talks about how nothing can grow due to the unpredictable attack of the storm and how the island is isolated. The only way to fight the storm is to be prepared for the attack, as in the poem the islanders build there houses squat, sink the walls into rock, and roof them with good slate. Patrolling Barnegat has a very active mood as at the end of every line there is a verb for example, muttering, lashing, and watching. Due to the storm being so active and powerful it removes mans identity making them merely a group of dim, weird forms. On the other hand Clares Sonnet has a very happy, joyful mood, this is because john Clare wants to portray summer as a bright, busy time of year; he does this by using many verbs and by using many colourful adjectives such as stain with gold Many poetic methods are used in all of these poems, some more than others. In Storm on the Island similes spits like a tame cat, alliteration space is a salvo, conversation you know what I mean, and personal pronouns are all used. This is to describe the storm and the effect it has on the people of the island. Patrolling Barnegat uses personification demonic laughter, onomatopoeia slush, repetition wild, wild, and a lot of alliteration combs careering all of these show action and power. This sonnet is untraditional as there are no rhyming couplets, instead verbs at the end of each line to show activity. John Clares Sonnet is a traditional sonnet; it has 14 lines 10 syllables per line, and rhyming couplets. He also uses a lot of alliteration, onomatopoeia, and many adjectives for example white wool sack clouds. The repetition used in Clares poem, of I love, outlines his feelings for summer, and it shows how much things there are that he loves about summer. The final comparison is how the poets use language to convey their message, Whitmans poem has a verb at the end of each line, this makes the storm sound continual and very busy and active. The poem has been written in present tense with a quick and active tone. Whitman has included lots of noise and sound words, such as roar, muttering, laughing, and shouting. Clare in his poem uses lots of words of movement to describe the summer. .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 , .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .postImageUrl , .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 , .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:hover , .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:visited , .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:active { border:0!important; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:active , .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97 .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a7e11b91a1443919e5047e05a883d97:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry and society EssayThis poem has no punctuation. This allows the poem to flow quickly. Flow is also a word of movement. Because the poem flows it means that the overall tone of the poem is much more joyful and calm. The repetition of I love also shows how much Clare loves the summer. Heaneys poem uses powerful words, and a conversational tone which makes the reader feel more involved, the poem has different sentence lengths, but does have a lot of punctuation. The poem is also written in the present tense giving the feeling that it is happening now, giving a greater sense of anxiety to the reader.

Oregon Sales Tax Debate Essay Sample free essay sample

The argument on Oregon gross revenues revenue enhancement is economically cardinal in specifying the range of its economic position. However. like any other economic system. Oregon gross revenues revenue enhancement provides a tool for the authorities income every bit good as act uponing the range of net incomes by the manufacturers and Sellerss of the economic end products. Basically. the state went into an economic recession in the twelvemonth 2001. Due to the consequence of the same economic recession. the current argument is to supply evidences with which taxpayers would be returned their extra gross through revenue enhancement discounts as per the 1979 jurisprudence. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt ) Gross saless revenue enhancements are of import beginnings of authorities income for the state since its 2001 recession. Through the legislative argument which seeks to supply a sum of $ 650 million as revenue enhancement discounts to the assorted taxpayers of single every bit good as corporate capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Oregon Sales Tax Debate Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economically. the revenue enhancement argument provides constructions for assorted economic deductions. At one degree. since the economic system is at recession. revenue enhancement rebates bases in being a possible attack with which the state can resuscitate its economic system. The argument is allied to supplying revenue enhancement discounts to the corporations and persons each of which provides constituents of gross revenues revenue enhancement through trade good ingestion ( single degree ) and production ( corporate degree ) . This is an of import tool if the enlargement of the Oregon economic system is neer to be compromised. Through such discounts. the cost of production for the corporations through the diverse array of resource inputs is reduced. This is done constructions that help to redefine the mode with which the cost of production can be safeguarded to being at the most appropriate degree. Elsewhere. revenue enhancement discounts to the single individuals would assist to increase their income as the providers of the resource inputs through employment to the corporations and as consumers of the corporate end product. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt ) With deduction of economic recession. the Oregon economic system can merely be sustained and brought to growing and development through expansionary economic factors both in footings of pecuniary and financial policy tools. Through revenue enhancement discounts by the authorities. this is a tool for authorities disbursement in the economic system which helps to increase the income and money supply in the economic system. Since the stableness of the economic system is defined by the stableness of the round flow of income in the economic system. revenue enhancement discount would possibly be a benchmark for supplying support for adequate and optimum activity for economic growing and development. ( Arkelof. 2003. 1 ) Though the deduction of the revenue enhancement discount would be dearly-won in the short tally to the authorities which is even confronting shortages in its income capacity. the long tally position in the economic system is a position which helps to make economic efficiency. By and large. since revenue enhancement discount on sale revenue enhancement is authorities disbursement. the supply of money within the economic system would therefore grow in correspondence to the ratio of the authorities disbursement multiplier consequence. This would connote a greater range in its economic map. The short tally deduction of such gross revenues revenue enhancement discounts would hence be immense revenue enhancement influx from the gross revenues revenue enhancement remunerators when the economic activity of production and purchase of resource inputs is positively motivated. By and large. the future strength of higher gross revenues revenue enhancement can merely be provided by constructions t hat promote higher production and ingestion in the aggregative demand and supply. Such discounts provide strength for the round flow of income between the authorities. the families and the concern corporations. ( Britton. 2002. 1 ) Ideally. the consequence of higher gross revenues revenue enhancement to the state under the effects of recession can merely be developed through expansionary financial policy which can be achieved through decreased corporate gross revenues revenue enhancements and increased authorities disbursement. Through lower gross revenues revenue enhancements. this is a decrease in the cost of production for the corporations which would therefore assist to construct its productive capacity hence higher aggregative supply and aggregative demand. Elsewhere. through discount ( authorities disbursement ) . the economic system is supplied with higher consequence of economic threshold which increases the demand every bit good as the supply of trade goods. The long tally deduction of lower revenue enhancement and higher authorities disbursement in Oregon would be higher authorities gross through higher revenue enhancement grosss from the hereafter developed position of the state. Work cited. Arkelof. G. ( 2003 )Behavioral Macroeconomics and MacroeconomicBehavior. American Economist. vol. 47. Britton. A. ( 2002 )Macroeconomicss and History. Natural Institute Economic Review. 2002. Corvallis Gazette Times. Archived Articles. Retrieved on 18ThursdayMarch 2008 from. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtconnect. com/articles/2006/03/02/news/oregon/thuore00. txt

mount st helen essays

mount st helen essays Mount St. Helen is a volcano located along the cascade range, which is a volcano chain stretching from Northern California to British Columbia. Mount St Helen now stands at a height of 8,364 feet above sea level. Mount St. Helen was one the smaller eruptions of five major ones in Washington State. It's elevation before the eruption was 9,677 feet high. On March 29, 1980 after a period of one-hundred and twenty-three years of inactivity a earthquake under As magma pushed up from beneath the earth's surface, the north side of the mountain developed a bulge. Angle and slope-distance measurements indicating that the bulge was growing at a rate of 1.5 feet per day (thompson pg 23). May 17 the volcano's north side had been pushed upward and outward 450 feet (thompson pg 24). May 18 at 8:32 a.m. Pacific daylight time a magnitude 5.1 out of a possible 10 earthquake shook Mount St. Helen. The bulge on the north side of the mountain gave way in a gigantic rock slide releasing pressure and triggering a major rock and pumice eruption. At thirteen hundred feet the peak collapsed and as a result 24 square miles of the valley was filled with roc and debris. From the rock slide 250 square miles of timber, recreation, and private lands were demolished from the lateral blast. For more than 9 hours the volcano spit ashes out to the air. Eventually the ashes reached 12-15 miles above sea level. The ashes went eastward at about 60 miles per hour. By noon the ashes had reached as far as Idaho. Ashes reached 11 states. The total amount of ash that fell was .26 cubic miles or enough ash to cover a football field to a depth of 150 miles (thompson pg 26). Mount St. Helen is said to have caused the most damage of any other volcano blast (Carson pg11). A total of 1.6 billion dollars of damage was caused by the blast ...

a va - Informal How Are You in French

a va - Informal How Are You in French Now that we have studied  the formal ways of saying how are you in French, lets look at the informal ways. a va - How are you / how is it going? The Magical French word!   Ãƒâ€¡a va (pronounced sa va, since the cedilla makes the C pronounced as an S) is truly the magical word of the French language. Why? Because it never changes. You can use a va to ask how are you to one person: Ça va Camille ?Oui, à §a va bien, merci. Et toi ? Whether you are using tu or vous doesnt matter: Ça va madame Chevalier ?Oui, à §a va bien, merci. Et vous ? You can use a vato ask how are you to several people: Ça va bien vous deux ? (How are you both?)Ça va, à §a va, merci. Et toi ? (Fine, fine, and you?) You can even use a va to talk about other people: Et vos enfants, à §a va ? (and your kids, are they OK?)Oui, à §a va bien, merci. Not just people, you can usea va foreverything really! Votre travail, à §a va ? (how is your work?)La santà © de votre mà ¨re, à §a va ? (how is your mothers health?) How cool is that a va - Informal but very common French for how are you Granted,  Ãƒ §a va is not the most formal French. But its so practical that its been used a lot in French lately, and has really made its way in almost all situations: among friends and family, of course, but also at the office, with acquaintances... Its only in the most formal of situations that it may not be appropriate. I wouldnt say to the Queen of England bonjour Votre Majestà ©, à §a va ?...   Ok, now that weve seen how to say  how are you in formal French, and learned about à §a va, lets see how you answer how are you subtlely in French. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest pages - so press the links below - talk to you there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchToday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/ https://www.instagram.com/realfrenchtoday/

Samurai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Samurai - Essay Example The samurai has played an important part in Japan's record and traditions all over the centuries. Some narrations show samurai as legends who have played a very important role in developing Japan. This research would further describe the origins of samurai, who they were, how they came into being, their way of living, their standards and their importance in the world today. It will illustrate the significance of samurai in the history of Japan and why they are still known as great soldiers of their times. In the earlier times of Japan the battles fought are known to take place in the starting centuries of the AD. The wars that took place in these centuries show that many of the Japanese soldiers at that time crossed the sea to Korea to assist one empire who was having a battle with two other empires consequently. It is recorded that four hundred or above men left for the battle but were easily beaten up by the enemy because of the heavy armor which the enemy had. These four hundred men fought on foot while the enemy rode on horses. At this time the Japanese were unknown of the usage of horses in wars but after the century passed it is evident that horses were also used in the history of Japan by warriors who later were known as samurai. Samurai is a word which was used in the 10th century and the exact meaning of samurai is "those who serve". When the word samurai was derived, it was used mainly for men who defended the capital for the king. At times the people who collected tax were also known as samurai. Afterwards the person who joined military or the person who served any influential landlord was known as the samurai. These samurai used to travel on the horses and at times used to collect taxes from the peasants. This money was then given to the landlord or the emperor by the samurais and was later on used by them for their luxurious way of living. The word samurai made its ground in Japans history and it became quite known to the common people who started to value or dread the samurai. Later on the samurai became famously known for their strength and were used by the rich people to protect their land and wealth. As the land was a source of income for the rich people, they started to keep armies of samurai to protect their lands from intruders. In due course many of the rich people joined hands together and formed clans which ultimately became even more powerful than the ruler of Japan. Later on in the 12th century two of the influential clans (Minomoto and Taira) fought a battle in which the clan of Taira won. But after some years the Minomotos who had escaped from the battlefield came back to fight with the Taira clan. A battle took place between the Minomotos and Taira clans and this battle is known as the Gempei war. This battle however was successfully won by the other clan this time i.e. Minomotos. After the battle the ruler made Minamato Yoritomo shogun the chief of the armed forces. However Yoritomo was not satisfied with the power he got and soon he took o ver from the emperor and declared himself as a dictator. The new dictator gave a new foundation to the samurai and raised their position by giving them land. Gempei War marked an important step for the existence of the samurai. The battles fought during the war put the samurai to a position which was respected and honored. This respect and honor for the samurai is still known and will last forever. The

European economic integration results in European cultural Essay

European economic integration results in European cultural integration. Discuss - Essay Example However, there are those who suggest the cultural integration is more or less impossible since the differences between the countries which form the European Union are so vast that a cultural divide will always remain (Bruter, 2004). For example, the case of America can be presented where cultural divides still exist even when the economies of the American states are more or less perfectly integrated and the language is also the same. Despite these similarities, there are significant differences between urban and rural American cultures as well as the several subcultures living in the country. It seems that cultural and economic integration in Europe are certainly related since the EU considers the sharing of cultural values to be something that is supposed to produce better Europeans (EC, 2006). However, to say that economic cooperation would produce better cultural integration might be a little pessimistic since this statement also suggests that better cultural integration might not be as fast without having economic cooperation first (Erdogan, 2006). Secondly, it can also be said that the present natural level of cultural homogeneity might be good enough since if the Europeans totally integrate their cultures from Dusseldorf to Birmingham, the continent would certainly lose a lot of its charm (Gordon, 2004). There are also examples of situations where economic integration does not help cultural integration and in severe cases, economic integration might be seen as a negative force of globalisation which causes a backlash against the European ideal (Gordon, 2004). In Turkey for example, economic integration and strong economic connections had been established for years, yet complete integration is still far off. The Economist (2005) reported that there were significant differences and opposition levels to Turkey in Europe and to Europe in Turkey. The differences are based not only on legal

Problems of students Essay Example for Free

Problems of students Essay Top 10 Problems of Students While time spent at college is a fond memory and a happy experience for most, college life is not without its rough patches and problems. While each person problems are unique to their current circumstances, I know that there are a few problems that almost all college students deal with at least once during their time at school. College is not high school so please do not think its a walk in the park. Depending on what type of school you are going to, depends on what kind of problems you are going to face. Certain problems, you going to face regardless of what type of school you are going too. Most common problems of college student are the following. 1. First Day of School ? University students also face problems with making new friends. University is a new chapter in life, and with every new chapter, we have to try to meet new people and make new friends. It is normal for people to feel shy in the beginning, especially when they don’t know anyone around them. Students should learn to step out of their comfort zones and put themselves out there when trying to make new friends. It always seems that people are always just waiting for someone to approach them because they are too shy to make the first move. So, why not try taking the first step, and maybe you’ll find yourself heading towards a really wonderful friendship. 2. Relationship Thingy! Another problem we often hear students talk about are relationship problems. University students are usually at the age where they are looking for someone to share their lives with. We hear many stories about students getting into a relationship too quickly, and things going sour because both parties didn’t know each other well enough as friends. Maybe we should accept some advice from the older generation when they always say that we should always strive to get to know a person of the  opposite sex as a friend, before deciding if there is anything more to pursue with the person. There seems to be very little success rate when rushing into a relationship with someone we do not know well enough. 3. I’m so stress. . When a person faces any type of problems in their daily life, we will definitely find that the person is under high amounts of stress. This applies very aptly to the life a university student. Students are very susceptible to stress when they have any of the above mentioned problems. One good way to deal with stress is to exercise. Exercising helps release endorphins which is a hormone that helps our body relax and feel good. Students who exercise seem to be able to handle stress a lot better than those who do not exercise. 4. Problem everywhere -. The unavoidable problem that students will have to face is problems with their studies. Whether it is a topic that is very hard to grasp, a misunderstanding with a group mate, or just not knowing how to do the work given to them, students will definitely face these sort of problems. It appears that when a student faces these sort of problems, they like to just keep it to themselves, or complain about it to their peer. The solution to these sort of problems is to address it and bring it up to the lecturer, or ask a friend if they can help you with it. Rather than just complaining that they do not understand what is going on, they should seek assistance to help solve their problem. 5. Still Sleepy \^o^/ Many students also suffer from irregular sleeping patterns. Students have assignments, projects and deadlines that appear almost daily after each class. A lot of them spend their time doing all those assigned work during the hours that they are supposed to be asleep. Some of them claim that they work better at night, but it is a  very unhealthy habit. It would be good if students could learn to finish up their work in the day time and leave the night-time to sleeping as that is the time where your body is regenerating, mending, and creating new cells. There is a discipline that should be built into a student when it comes to assignments. They should try their very hardest not to leave their work to the last possible minute. 6. My Hectic Schedule -. Another problem that university students face is poor time management. Due to their busy lifestyles, students often find it hard to find a good balance between their  studies, social lives and working lives. Students should strive to have a planned schedule for their day so that they can try to maximize their productivity and not fall behind in any aspects of their lives. Students often have to learn to be independent and responsible with managing their time, when in university, away from the direct guidance of their parents. 7. Why you’re so Slow Internet? _ With most universities and colleges making use of technology, it’s always an instant heart attack for you when it’s time to enroll in classes and check grades. To  make matters worse, everyone else is trying to access the website of your school hence the slower loading of the page and also in doing assignments and projects. You end up holding your breath while your heart attempts to break free from your body. The struggle is real! 8. Suspension Abangers *. * You stay up late at night and refresh your Twitter account every minute to see if there are suspension announcements. You wake up early in the morning with high hopes of class suspensions because the rain is too strong. You wait, and wait, and wait. You struggle with the thoughts of facing the storm or continue hoping for a class  suspension. You end up going to school anyway; but just as you’re finally at the end of your storm challenge, the suspension you’ve longed for comes and then you just stare at an empty space and mentally flip all the tables in your school. 9. Lack of Confidence There are students who do not believe in their ability to do well in college. Rather than focusing on their abilities and what they are capable of achieving, they place more emphasis on what they feel they can’t achieve. If you tell yourself, â€Å"I’ve always been lousy at math, I am going to fail this course,† then chances are, you probably will. 10. Commute line Don’t you hate it when you wake up early and leave early, but still end up being late for class because of those horrible commute lines? It’s definitely extremely frustrating when you arrive at the terminal or station only to find out that the end of the line is nowhere in sight These are just ten of the many problems that college students face. In the end, is college worth facing these problems and struggles? While students get stressed to the max, the good times outweigh the problem times and the college experience becomes one which shapes the minds and futures of many young people worldwide.

Upton Sinclairs The Jungle - The Lie of the American Dream :: The Jungle Sinclair

The Jungle - The Lie of the American Dream In The Jungle, Sinclair deeply understands his subjects and can make the plots real for the reader. Even in a small section of the book, Sinclair makes me feel, imagine and contemplate his words. Chapters 18 through 23, were chapters that Sinclair took time and effort to write and make it to perfection. In my own perspective, I think he achieved this accomplishment and made these chapters a realistic event. The main theme of these 6 chapters is "The lie of the American Dream". Jurgis thought by coming here to the United States, he would find everything easy, but everything turned against his wishes. In chapter 18, he's out of jail, free, only to find someone else in his home. He realized that his family had lost their home because of lack of money, and because he wasn't there when they needed him the most. Later finding them and finding his wife giving birth with complications and smelling death around him. Is a very shocking and yet horrifying idea. With only a dollar twenty-five, Madame Haupt helped Ona give birth, but failed to give them their life. With that dollar twenty-five, Ona lost her life and left Jurgis alone forever. That same day little Kotrina earned three dollars, Jurgis took it and got drunk. This American lie struck him hard, the least he can do was to get drunk and forget about life for a while. However, life was still ahead of him. He went back to the fertilizer, but found no job there. He owed so much money, the least he could do was to get a job. He tried many places until his friend found him a job in a big factory. There he worked and worked, but lost it because the factories closed down and there was no work until further notice. Probably Jurgis thought "America lies to me once again", and has to deal with it. Thus, Jurgis did not stay with his arms crossed; he went out again to look for more work. He begged, he slept in the streets, he tried everything, but finally he got another job in a mill and worked there. It seemed that life was getting easier but it got worse. One day, Jurgis got home, and found out that his son, his little boy Antanas, had died. This was a nightmare for Jurgis.

Indian Tourism Development Corporation Essay

India is really a gorgeous place of beaches, amazing monuments, breathtaking temples and architectural mosques, ash smeared sadhus and beyond the entire of magnificent Taj. Thereby, why can’t write your tourism in India essay conclusion by describing the beauty of the place and how it is unique for the visitors? If needs you can also write about the amazing traditions and culture about India. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) initiated ‘Incredible India’ campaign in 2005 to support and promote the tourism sector in India. You can also mention it in your tourism in India essay conclusion. Conclusion is really the key aspect of every essay. So, your essay will greatly reflect the conclusion and introduction divisions. Words are few to explain the beauty of India. India is a country with diversified culture and traditions. The natural beauty of India, festivals, dresses, heritage sites of India are very popular among tourists. These things fascinate t ravelers to come here. India has so many scenic blesses places like Kerala, Darjeeling, Goa, Kashmir, Shimla(I am just having few names) and Manali. These places are very popular. These places are prime attraction of travelers from across the world. Come, Seek and Discover. Match India’s rhythms to your heart, its colours to your mind, and find a travel experience that is yours alone. An India like no other. Friendly, warm, welcoming †¦ and uniquely your own. to most of the touristers india is still a virgin country , yet to be explored , may be the main reason is that the tourism ministry had done nothing specific to promote it., Tourism is the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The most important economic feature of activities related to the tourism sector is that they contribute to three high-priority goals of developing countries: the generation of income, employment, and foreign-exchange earnings. Types of Tourism Adventure travel‎ Agritourism‎ Geotourism‎ Medical tourism Space  tourism‎ Medical Tourism Medical Tourism involves people who travel to a different place to receive treatment for a disease, or a surgical procedure, and who are seeking lower cost of healthcare and higher quality of care.

Boethius Was Successful in His Argument That God Rewards

‘Boethius was successful in his argument that God rewards and punishes justly. ’ Discuss (35) Boethius was a philosopher teaching at the end of the Roman empire, in his 40’s he was arrested for suspected conspiracy with the Eastern Roman Empire and was eventually put to death at the age of about 44/45. Whilst in prison Boethius wrote his book, ‘The Consolation of Philosophy’ where he discusses in great depth with Lady Philosophy issues with God’s omniscience.In his writings, Boethius identifies an issue with God’s foreknowledge, our personal autonomy and the impact of how we are to be judged as when we enter the life after this. He identifies that if God has foreknowledge and knows our future, He then knows what we are going to do which in turn removes the idea that we have freedom to do what we choose. He also sees that if we have no free will when it comes to our judgement we will be judged unfairly and unjustly as God will have caused us to do that evil or not intervened to stop us from committing that evil. There seems to be a considerable contradiction and inconsistency between God’s foreknowledge and the existence of free will. ’ (Boethius). Boethius in his book creates a dialogue with Lady Philosophy, a personification of pure reason, whilst he plays a naive questioner. Boethius starts by questioning whether we have free will or not to which Lady Philosophy replies. She appears to Boethius and reassures that as we have the ability to reason we must then have free will and this is due to fact that our reason is what we use to make judgements which enables us to make decisions.However there are different classes of freedom, the most is when we are in contemplation and the least is when we are addicted our let our desires rule our head. This however creates another issue for Boethius, if we are free then we will be able to do what we like however if God knows what we are going to do then we must n ot have free will. It is impossible for God to be wrong as he is God and is omniscience. Lady Philosophy answers Boethius be replying that God is eternal in the sense that he is a temporal, existing outside the category of time itself.However there is another definition of which Boethius thought was unsuitable. God is eternal and he has no begging or no end, he always has existed and continues to do so. Boethius rejects this as he can’t see how a temporal God can judge someone if he experiences time himself. On the other hand Boethius didn’t consider the flaws of his definition of eternal God; a God that is outside the category of time is one whom cannot be personal, this also means that it doesn’t fit in with the traditional religious view of God who keeps his covenant with his people and sends his son to save us.But it also has its strengths such as it maintains the majority of the attributes of God, such as incorporeal and immutable. Boethius concluded from h is characterization of an eternal god that God is like a bird flying over a man walking down the path, the bird can see where the man has been, where he is and where he is about to go all at once. This is a power that God is able to use due to him being outside of time, he can see everyone’s past present and future simultaneously. His knowledge is total however not causal.Boethius expands on his idea of divine foreknowledge and goes onto explain the different types of necessity; simple and contingent. Simple necessity is related to a person’s nature so for example â€Å"man is a rational animal. † Whereas conditional necessity isn’t tied to the objects nature so for example you see Socrates sitting down it is conditional necessity because it is not in his nature to sit down as he has freedom to stand up in the next moment. From this Boethius concludes that God’s knowledge is total and not causal, he maintains that we have personal freedom and that God rewards and punishes us justly.However through this though a temporal God can be seen as an un-caring and un-omnibenpevolant as he cannot interact with us, he cannot answer our prayers, intervene with us and perform the miracles in the world. Conversely if we do not try to defend our personal freedom we also result in an un-loving and un-caring God. To conclude, I feel that Boethius was successful in his argument that God rewards and punishes us justly however in doing so moves away from an omnibenevolant God and towards a God who can only look on without helping us, it also undermines God’s omnipotence as he cannot interact with us.

How to Write an Analytical Essay on Forensic Anthropology

How to Write an Analytical Essay on Forensic Anthropology The analytical essay can seem a daunting writing task, especially if you have never written anything like it before. Thankfully, it is not nearly as difficult as it may seem: The first step is understanding your objective. With the analytical essay, your goal is to present a claim, or an argument which your entire paper will analyze. In many cases, you might analyze a book, or a piece of writing. But in some cases you can analyze a key issue or idea within a book or a key concept inside of a broader topic. When doing any of these, you have to first break down the topic into different parts and then provide sufficient evidence for each part so that you can best support your claim.  If you want to argue, for example, that one forensic anthropologist’s work on a particular Native American culture comments upon the colonizing of their lands, then you might analyze a particular publication from that forensic anthropologist, or a particular technique used to discover certain things. In either case, this would serve as your thesis statement. The second step is deciding what you want to write about. In most cases your teacher will provide you with the topic or a list of possible topics from which to choose. Read over your prompt carefully and focus on your argument. If you are writing about a historical event through the eyes of forensic anthropology, you want to focus on what tools or techniques or findings contributed to what historical event took place. If you want to write about a scientific finding, you should follow the scientific method in order to analyze the results. But you always can use our list of topics on forensic anthropology. The third step is to brainstorm. You have to make a list of what possible angles there are for your argument, and which angle you want to use. Try and list those things which you feel are important, such as repeated ideas, metaphors, or phrases. Look over how the text you are analyzing works, or how the method you are analyzing works. You can analyze a type of forensic anthropological research and if so, you should consider the different methods and results of that research, and analyze whether the experiment had the right design. Dont forget to include only solid information that dont cause any doubts. You may use these facts on forensic anthropology as an example. The fourth step is to write out your outline. Start with your thesis statement. Your claim, or argument, has to take one side. It cannot be a fact that is uncontested. You must also make sure that whatever thesis you have selected can be adequately covered in the space you have at your disposal. Do not try and write about all of the different research methods possible in only 500 words. Pick one and analyze why it is the appropriate/or not appropriate method for a particular line of research. Make a list of the key paragraphs and the evidence you will present in those paragraphs. If, for example, you have three reasons why a particular research method is not appropriate, all three should have an individual paragraph. The supporting evidence you find should come from a primary source or secondary source, such as the text you are analyzing and other journal articles. When that is all done, write out your draft, edit, and revise. At CustomWritings.com you can hire an essay writer to get a custom analytical essay paper written from scratch. We guarantee you high quality and plagiarism-free!

Mileva Maric and Her Relationship to Albert Einstein and His Work

Mileva Maric and Her Relationship to Albert Einstein and His Work A 2004 PBS documentary (Einstein’s Wife: The Life of Mileva Maric Einstein) highlighted the role that Albert Einsteins first wife, Mileva Maric, may have played in the development of his theory of relativity, quantum physics, and Brownian motion. He doesnt even mention her in his own stories about his life, however. Was she really the brain behind the scenes, his silent collaborator? Mileva Maric and Albert Einstein’s Relationship and Marriage Mileva Maric, from a wealthy Serbian family,  began studies in science and math at a male prep school and got high grades. She then studied at the university in Zurich and then Zurich Polytechnic, where Albert was a young classmate four years younger than she was. She began failing in her studies after their love affair began and around the time she became pregnant with Albert’s child- a child born before their marriage and which Albert may never have visited.  (It is not known if she died in early childhood as she was ill with scarlet fever around the time Albert and Mileva finally married but may have been put up for adoption.) Albert and Mileva married and had two more children, both sons. Albert went to work at the Federal Office for Intellectual Property, then took a position at the University of Zurich in 1909, returning there in 1912 after a year at Prague. The marriage was full of tensions including, in 1912, an affair that Albert began with his cousin Elsa Loewenthal.  In 1913, Maric had the sons baptized as Christians. The couple separated in 1914, and Maric had custody of the boys. Albert divorced Mileva in 1919 at the end of World War I. By that time, he was living with Elsa and had completed his work on General Relativity. He agreed that any money won from a Nobel Prize would be given to Maric to support their sons.  He quickly married Elsa. Maric’s sister Zorka helped care for the children until she had a series of psychiatric breaks and Mileva’s father died.  When Albert won the Nobel Prize, he sent the prize money to Mileva as he had promised.   Her mother died after Albert fled from Europe and the Nazis; one of her sons and her two grandsons moved to America. The other son required psychiatric care- he was diagnosed with schizophrenia- and Mileva and Albert fought over funding his care.  When she died, Albert Einstein was not even mentioned in her obituary.  Maric is barely mentioned if at all in many books about Albert Einstein. The Arguments for This Collaboration Einstein’s letters show that he thought little of his wife’s hopes and dreams to be a scientist.Letters show that she served as an assistant to her husband in writing his papers.Letters also show that she served as a sounding board, that he talked over his ideas with her and she gave him feedback.In some letters Einstein talked of their collaborating, though in general terms: â€Å"we’ll diligently work on science together† for instance.A friend later reported that in 1905 Mileva had said that she and her husband had finished some important work together.Soviet scientist Abram F. Joffe who saw originals of three of Einstein’s key papers said they were signed Einstein Marity, with Marity being a version of the name Maric.Albert Einstein gave his Nobel Prize award money to Mileva Maric. The Arguments Against Being a sounding board and assistant do not equate to collaborating in the creation of Einstein’s revolutionary theories.There’s no hard evidence for any real contribution on the part of Mileva Maric to the content of Einstein’s theories.The statement to a friend in 1905 may be a later legend.The reference to â€Å"Einstein-Marity† likely reflects a Swiss custom of adding a wife’s name to the husband’s, according to some Einstein scholars, and the only reference that can be located to a reference to this dual name by Joffe is a clear reference to Albert Einstein alone.Mileva Maric never claimed publicly to be a collaborator on Albert Einstein’s work, and never asked for credit.Einstein’s giving his Nobel Prize money to his ex-wife was part of a divorce settlement, and was a way of supporting her and his two sons from their marriage. There’s no indication it was done to acknowledge any contribution she made to his scientif ic work. Conclusion The conclusion, despite the documentary’s original strong claims, seems to be that it’s unlikely that Mileva Maric contributed substantially to Albert Einstein’s work- that she was literally his â€Å"silent collaborator.†Ã‚   However, the contributions that she did make- as an unpaid assistant, helping him while pregnant and her own scientific career was falling apart, possibly with the stress of the difficult relationship and her out-of-wedlock pregnancy- demonstrate the difficulties which were peculiar to women of the time and which made their actual success in the sciences far more of a hurdle than what men with equivalent backgrounds and earlier education had to transcend.

Evaluating my course project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluating my course project - Essay Example Further, there are parameters especially in the physical storage that are important in developing the model using a data definition language. That is what is used to create the database. The creation of the database structure consisted of establishing the number of tables, the fields to use and the records of those tables. The three tables are a result of a thorough normalization process to minimize redundancies of information. It included going through the first normal form, the second and the third form of normalization (Morris, 2014). I then created an entity relationship diagram to map the type of relationships in the architectural engineering database. The implementation stage also included coming up with data dictionaries for the three tables. I also examined the relationships critically to ensure that there is the consistency of information especially on similar fields in different tables. These connections are important in restricting redundancies. Further, I went on to look at the queries that will allow the users to retrieve information from the database that meets particular conditions. The questions included joining information from more than one table and grouping the data based on specific criteria (Keogh, 2007). For instance, grouping of projects according to the customers. The subsequent sections of the report examined the errors the architectural engineering database is likely to encounter such as read data and multiplicity update problem. In addition, it also includes a section covering the best practices for building and implementing the database (Morris, 2014). These are standard procedures already acceptable in the market. The final stage is the conclusion that states the use of Microsoft Access as the relational database of choice. It further states that a database requires maintenance after designing and its